ALMA began observations in 2011 with 16 12-metre dishes and was completed in 2013. Although ALMA did not observe the entire galaxy merger, the result is the best submillimeter-wavelength image ever made of the Antennae Galaxies, showing the clouds of dense cold gas from which new stars form, which cannot be seen using visible light. ALMA is a single tele… The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), an international partnership of Europe, North America and East Asia in cooperation with the Republic of Chile, is the largest astronomical project in existence. The array has been constructed on the 5,000 m (16,000 ft) elevation Chajnantor plateau - near the Llano de Chajnantor Observatory and the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment. The antennas can be moved across the desert plateau over distances from 150 m to 16 km, which will give ALMA a powerful variable "zoom", similar in its concept to that employed at the centimetre-wavelength Very Large Array (VLA) site in New Mexico, United States. One theory suggests that the faster accretion rate might be due to the complex magnetic field of the protoplanetary disk. [37], In August 2013, workers at the telescope went on strike to demand better pay and working conditions. Opening of Joint ALMA office, Santiago, Chile. [16] The solution chosen is to use two custom 28-wheel self-loading heavy haulers. Combined observations from NASA ’s Spitzer Space Telescope and the newly completed Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Chile have revealed the throes of stellar birth, as never before, in the well-studied object known as HH 46/47. [1] The Very Large Telescope at the Paranal Observatory in Chile is a 27-foot (8.2-meter) interferometer. Graham in south eastern Arizona. ("Alma" means "soul" in Spanish and "learned" or "knowledgeable" in Arabic.) The first vehicle was completed and tested in July 2007. The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) -the largest astronomical project in existence- is a single telescope of revolutionary design, composed of 66 high precision antennas located on the Chajnantor Plateau, 5000 meters altitude in northern Chile. [14] The first antenna was delivered in 2008, the last in 2011.[15]. This 16-minute video presents the history of ALMA from the origins of the project several decades ago to the recent first science results. With this key step, commissioning of the instrument began 22 January 2010. Start of Early Science Cycle 1. Share the excitement of the inauguration ceremony and contemplate the breathtaking images from ALMA itself and views of its unique environment in the Atacama Desert. Alma College Planetarium ... Shows are occasionally paired with telescope observation events. ALMA, the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, is a grouping of 66 radio antennas that observe in unison to create an image as detailed … 「私たちが住む太陽系は、どのように生まれたのだろう？」 The complex was built primarily by European, U.S., Japanese, and Canadian companies and universities. or moving antennas around the site to change the array size, presents enormous challenges; as portrayed in the television documentary Monster Moves: Mountain Mission. (in HD). [27], ALMA participated in the Event Horizon Telescope project, which produced the first direct image of a black hole, published in 2019. The transporters, which feature a driver's seat designed to accommodate an oxygen tank to aid breathing the thin high-altitude air, place the antennas precisely on the pads. First interferometry with two antennas at the Operations Support Facility (OSF). ALMA was designed to work as an interferometer – a telescope made up of many individual elements. The telescopes were provided by the European, North American and East Asian partners of ALMA. The 130-ton ALMA antenna transporter "Otto" during its naming ceremony. この観測…, © 2005 - 2017 National AstronomicalObservatory of Japan, © 2005 - 2017 National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. During Autumn 2009, the first three antennas were transported one-by-one to the Array Operations Site. These long asked questions of the universe still remain a mystery, but they are about to be solved by the world’s most advanced telescope ALMA, a giant telescope that was constructed at an altitude of 5,000 meters in Chile and started its scientific observations from 2011. The European ARC (led by ESO) has been further subdivided into ARC-nodes[34] located across Europe in Bonn-Bochum-Cologne, Bologna, Ondřejov, Onsala, IRAM (Grenoble), Leiden and JBCA (Manchester). ALMA was initially a 50-50 collaboration between the National Radio Astronomy Observatory and European Southern Observatory (ESO) and later extended with the help of the other Japanese, Taiwanese, and Chilean partners. Taiwan joins the ALMA Project through Japan. 9:25-9:50 Tom Bakx The dust-obscured early Universe as probed by ALMA. The array is located on the Chajnantor Plateau in … The guests are shown with one of the giant ALMA transporters as well as other components. Astronomers using ESO's Very Large Telescope have observed reservoirs of cool … This was mainly for political reasons. January 02, 2013 Growing Solar Systems A series of resolutions and agreements led to the choice of "Atacama Large Millimeter Array", or ALMA, as the name of the new array in March 1999 and the signing of the ALMA Agreement on 25 February 2003, between the North American and European parties. The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is an astronomical interferometer of 66 radio telescopes in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile, which observe electromagnetic radiation at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. On 7 July 2008, an ALMA transporter moved an antenna for the first time, from inside the antenna assembly building (Site Erection Facility) to a pad outside the building for testing (holographic surface measurements).[19]. ALMA can produce as many as 1,291 baselines, some up to 16 kilometers long. Composite image of B14-65666 showing the distributions of dust (red), oxygen (green), and carbon (blue), observed by ALMA and stars (white) observed by the Hubble Space Telescope… 66 radio telescopes in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile, Location of Atacama Large Millimeter Array, The first two ALMA antennas linked together as an, Three ALMA antennas linked together as an interferometer for the first time, ALMA prototype-antennas at the ALMA test facility, July 2008 NRAO ALMA newsletter article by Dr. Al Wootten, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Japan, Institut de Radio Astronomie Millimétrique, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, After a Tough Year, ALMA's Star Begins to Rise at Last, removing excessive or indiscriminate images, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment, "Alma telescope peers into space from Chile's mountains", "ALMA Inauguration Heralds New Era of Discovery", "At the End of the Earth, Seeking Clues to the Universe", "Alma telescope: Ribbon cut on astronomical giant", "ALMA - Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array", "Ground breaking ceremony for the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA)", "National Radio Astronomy Observatory - Legacy Content - ALMA (CV)", Chile's ALMA probes for origins of universe, "General Dynamics Receives $169 Million to Build 12-Meter Antennas for Advanced Radio Telescope", https://www.almaobservatory.org/en/announcement/result-of-the-initial-testing-of-the-japanese-aca-12-m-antenna-to-be-delivered-to-alma-2/, https://www.almaobservatory.org/en/press-release/alma-observatory-equipped-with-its-first-antenna/, "Monster Moves, Season 5, Episode 6: Mountain Mission", "European ALMA antenna brings total on Chajnantor to 16", "Birth of Planets Revealed in Astonishing Detail in ALMA's 'Best Image Ever' - NRAO: Revealing the Hidden Universe", "RELEASE 14-038 - NASA's 3-D Study of Comets Reveals Chemical Factory at Work", "Event Horizon Telescope Captures First Image of Black Hole | Astronomy | Sci-News.com", "Phosphine gas in the cloud decks of Venus", "Scientists find gas linked to life in atmosphere of Venus", "First Light for Band 5 at ALMA - New receivers improve ALMA's ability to search for water in the Universe", Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, ALMA Observatory: ALMA Selects New Director, "New 2012 ALMA Video Compilation Released", "ALMA Compact Array Completed and Named After Japanese Astronomer", "Workers at Earth's largest radio telescope in Chile strike over pay, working conditions", "Workers strike at world's largest radio telescope", "ALMA resumes operations after end of workers' strike", "COVID-19 (coronavirus) Measures at ALMA", "ALMA Residencia Handed Over - New accommodation for staff and visitors at ALMA site in Chile", How the Huge ALMA Radio Telescope Works (Infographic), An optical system design for the Atacama Large Millimeter Array, Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder, Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment, Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy, Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network, Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Science, Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Atacama_Large_Millimeter_Array&oldid=994520591, Articles with infoboxes completely from Wikidata, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Atacama Large Millimeter and Submillimeter Array. [35], The Atacama Compact Array, ACA, is a subset of 16 closely separated antennas that will greatly improve ALMA's ability to study celestial objects with a large angular size, such as molecular clouds and nearby galaxies. This video begins near the ground of the Chajnantor Plateau, at 5000 meters altitude in the Chilean Andes, and later takes in views of the 58 antennae that make up the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. General Dynamics C4 Systems and its SATCOM Technologies division was contracted by Associated Universities, Inc. to provide twenty-five of the 12 m antennas,[12] while European manufacturer Thales Alenia Space provided the other twenty-five principal antennas[13] (in the largest-ever European industrial contract in ground-based astronomy). © ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO) The construction of the observatory dates back to 2004. By the summer of 2011, sufficient telescopes were operational during the extensive program of testing prior to the Early Science phase for the first images to be captured. PROGRAM: (20 min talk + 5 min QA) 8:55-9:00 Daisuke Iono Welcome. (in HD). The participating East Asian countries are contributing 16 antennas (four 12-meter diameter and twelve 7-meter diameter antennas) in the form of the Atacama Compact Array (ACA), which is part of the enhanced ALMA. A view across the plains of Chajnantor with the ALMA construction site at the center. The blue features are galaxies imaged by Hubble. The project began when Europe, North America and Eastern Asia each worked in isolation to … The 12-meter-diameter dish was manufactured by the European AEM Consortium and also marks the successful delivery of a total of 25 European antennas — the largest ESO contract so far. [3][4] ALMA began scientific observations in the second half of 2011 and the first images were released to the press on 3 October 2011. The final antenna for the project is here seen arriving to the high site at the observatory, 5000 meters above sea level. Telescope History 09.12.03 Galileo's ink renderings of the moon: the first telescopic observations of a celestial object. The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is the world’s largest interferometer telescope (an array of telescopes working in tandem) in the world. Three prototype antennas have undergone evaluation at the Very Large Array since 2002. It has captured images of the most distant observations of water to date. Testing of first prototype antenna begins at the ALMA Test Facility (ATF) site in Socorro, New Mexico. This artist's rendering of the ALMA array on the Chajnantor plateau shows how, as an interferometer, ALMA acts like a single telescope with a diameter as large as the distance between its individual antennas (represented by the blue circle). A Panchromatic View of Galaxy Build-up in the First 2 Gyrs of Cosmic History-----Venue: Online Date: December 15, 2020. It was this period that the scientists in the ALPINE project focused on when they used ESO's ALMA telescope to carry out the first ever large survey of distant galaxies. That's a huge, light-gathering eyeball! Moonrise above the 12 meter wide access road to the ALMA High Site. Sixteen 12-m antennas in the 12-m array. Discover Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) in Chile: One of the world's most advanced radio observatories sprawls across the Atacama Desert. European, North American & Japanese amend agreement on the Enhanced ALMA. ALMA is a premier telescope for studying the first stars and galaxies that emerged from the cosmic “dark ages” billions of years ago. Phase closure with three antennas at Chajnantor. This video shows the antenna being moved on the giant transporter called "Otto". On 11 August 2014, astronomers released studies, using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) for the first time, that detailed the distribution of HCN, HNC, H2CO, and dust inside the comae of comets C/2012 F6 (Lemmon) and C/2012 S1 (ISON). The antennas forming the Atacama Compact Array, four 12-meter antennas and twelve 7-meter antennas, were produced and delivered by Japan. 「生命の材料は、地球以外の場所にも存在しているのだろうか？」, 人類が長年抱いてきたこんな疑問に挑む最前線が、アルマ望遠鏡です。南米チリの標高5,000mの高地に建設され、2011年に科学観測を開始したこの巨大望遠鏡。これを使えば、星や惑星の材料となる塵やガス、生命の材料になるかもしれない物質が放つかすかな電波を、「視力6000」に相当する圧倒的な性能でとらえることができます。惑星誕生のメカニズムや地球外生命の可能性を明らかにし、私たちのルーツを宇宙にたどること。これが、日本を含む22の国と地域が協力して運用するアルマ望遠鏡の使命です。ここでは、アルマ望遠鏡が挑む壮大な宇宙の謎と、その解明を目指す取り組みについて紹介します。, アルマ望遠鏡は、130億光年以上も遠くにある天体が放った電波をとらえ、撮影することに成功しています。130億光年離れた天体が放った光や電波は、130億年の時間をかけて地球に届くので、私たちが観測したのは、その天体の130億年前の姿なのです。宇宙で「遠くを見ること」は「昔を見ること」と同じです。先のアルマ望遠鏡の観測からは、130億年以上前の天体付近にも、すでに酸素や塵が多く存在していたことがわかりました。, 宇宙は、いまから138億年前にビッグバンで誕生したと考えられています。では、最初の銀河はいつごろどんな大きさで生まれ、進化したのでしょうか？ そして私たちの太陽系がある天の川銀河はどのように生まれたのでしょうか？宇宙の進化に大きな影響を与えたと考えられる、爆発的星形成銀河（120億年前に発生したとされる、天の川銀河の数百倍の勢いで恒星を生みだす銀河）といった謎に満ちた天体にも、アルマ望遠鏡は迫りつつあります。視力6000に相当する圧倒的な性能を駆使して、銀河の誕生と進化の謎を明らかにし、歴史を紐解いていくことも、アルマ望遠鏡の大きな目標なのです。, 宇宙の歴史の模式図。138億年前のビッグバンで始まった宇宙が膨張を続け、その中で星や銀河が生まれ、進化してきた様子を表現しています。, Credit：B.Saxton（NRAO / AUI / NSF）; ALMA （ESO / NAOJ / NRAO）; NASA / ESA Hubble, 夜空に輝く星たちのほとんどは「恒星」といって、太陽と同じように自らエネルギーを作りだして発光しています。宇宙全体にはおそらく1,000億個のさらに数千億倍もの恒星があると言われています。これまで、望遠鏡で数多くの恒星の研究が行われてきました。そして近年、天文学の進歩によって、私たちが住む太陽系と同じように、夜空に輝く恒星のまわりにも数多くの惑星が存在していることが明らかになってきました。, では、それらの惑星が誕生する様子はどんなものだったのでしょうか？「第2の地球」と呼べるような惑星は、どんな場所に、どんなプロセスでできるのでしょうか？アルマ望遠鏡は、惑星の材料になる小さな塵（ちり）やガスを観測することができます。塵やガスが集まっていく様子を詳しく観測することで、惑星が作られていく姿を描き出すことができるのです。アルマ望遠鏡の活躍により、天文学者たちは、惑星誕生の現場をこれまでになく鮮明に写し出すことに成功しています。アルマ望遠鏡は、惑星誕生のシナリオを構築し、惑星の多様性の起源を明らかにするという究極の目標に向かって、今日も観測を続けています。, Credit: S. Andrews（Harvard-Smithsonian CfA）, ALMA（ESO / NAOJ / NRAO）, Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/L. Astronomers have used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter array (ALMA) in Chile to view the largest stellar womb ever observed in the Milky Way. Start of Early Science Cycle 0. ALMA is being built by Europe, the United States, Canada, East Asia and the Republic of Chile. This video clip shows the distinguished guests, including the President of Chile, Sebastián Piñera, arriving at the ALMA Operations Support Facility (OSF), located at an altitude of 2900 meters in the Atacama Desert in Chile for the inauguration of the giant telescope. [38][39][40][41] After 17 days an agreement was reached providing for reduced schedules and higher pay for work done at high altitude. Image of telescope in transit at the Site Erection Facility. The first step toward the creation of what would become ALMA came in 1997, when the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) and the European Southern Observatory (ESO) agreed to pursue a common project that merged the MMA and LSA. The … [24][25], An image of the protoplanetary disk surrounding HL Tauri (a very young T Tauri star[26] in the constellation Taurus) was made public in 2014, showing a series of concentric bright rings separated by gaps, indicating protoplanet formation. Since a high and dry site is crucial to millimeter wavelength operations, the array is being constructed on the Chajnantor plateau at 5000 metres altitude. They are powered by twin turbocharged 500 kW Diesel engines. Costing more than a billion US dollars, it is the worlds's most expensive ground-based telescope. European, North American & Japanese draft agreement, with Japan providing new extensions to ALMA. Arrival of the two ALMA transporters in Chile. [28], ALMA participated in the detection of phosphine, a biomarker, in the atmosphere of Venus. ESO and NRAO worked together in technical, science, and management groups to define and organize a joint project between the two observatories with participation by Canada and Spain (the latter became a member of ESO later). This location was chosen for its high elevation and low humidity, factors which are crucial to reduce noise and decrease signal attenuation due to Earth's atmosphere. Using the ALMA radio telescope in Chile, astronomers were able to capture the formation of a new planet, and scientists are observing it happen … ALMA is funded in Europe by the European Southern Observatory (ESO), in North America by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) in cooperation with the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) and the National Science Council of Taiwan (NSC) and in East Asia by the National Institutes of Natural Sciences of Japan (NINS) in cooperation with the Academia Sinica (AS) in Taiwan. The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is a telescope array in Chile that includes 66 receivers. First antenna movement with a transporter. The telescope as we know it today has gone through several significant milestones since it was first patented way back in 1608. [29][30] However, this theory has since been overturned, and there has been a new study indicating that there is no phosphine in the atmosphere of Venus. Start of Early Science Cycle 2. [31], The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), an international astronomy facility, is a partnership of Europe, North America and East Asia in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. A talk on the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), by Leonardo Testi. Posted By: Hiker June 30, 2015. Thirty-two 12-m antennas in the 12-m array. Array configurations from approximately 150 m to 14 km, Faster and more flexible imaging instrument than the Very Large Array, Largest and most sensitive instrument in the world at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths, Point source detection sensitivity 20 times better than the Very Large Array, Data reduction system will be CASA (Common Astronomy Software Applications) which is a new software package based on, This page was last edited on 16 December 2020, at 03:46. The work stoppage began after the observatory failed to reach an agreement with the workers' union. However, two decades prior to this, the global scientific community had already identified the need for a radiotelescope with the characteristics of ALMA. 9:00-9:25 Tomoko Suzuki Gas contents in star-forming galaxies around Cosmic High Noon. Video compilation showing various aspects of ALMA. [18] Both transporters were delivered to the ALMA Operations Support Facility (OSF) in Chile on 15 February 2008. Time-lapse video at the ALMA Array Operations Site (AOS). As of 2014[update], most theories did not expect planetary formation in such a young (100,000-1,000,000-year-old) system, so the new data spurred renewed theories of protoplanetary development. ALMA is an international partnership among Europe, the United States, Canada, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Chile. The inauguration ceremony took place in Chile’s high desert at an altitude of 16,500 feet, or 5,000 meters. In the 1990’s, when the Center was remodeled, the projector was updated. ESO/NRAO/NAOJ joint site testing with Chile. [7] The array has much higher sensitivity and higher resolution than earlier submillimeter telescopes such as the single-dish James Clerk Maxwell Telescope or existing interferometer networks such as the Submillimeter Array or the Institut de Radio Astronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) Plateau de Bure facility. English: The Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) is an array of radio telescopes in the Atacama desert of northern Chile. Costing $1.4 billion, ALMA is the world’s most expensive ground based telescope. NASA has established how a mirror aboard its $1.5 billion Hubble Telescope came to be the wrong shape. The merged array combined the sensitivity of the LSA with the frequency coverage and superior site of the MMA. The ACA works together with the main array in order to enhance the latter's wide-field imaging capability. Call for shared-risk Early Science proposals. Japan constructed 16 Antennas. Credit: ESO/Farina et al. On 30 September 2013 the final ALMA antenna was handed over to the ALMA Observatory. The array has been fully operational since March 2013.[5][6]. ... an array of radio telescopes known as the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) is under construction, which will provide us with one of the clearest views of the universe yet. [32] Its current director since February 2018 is Sean Dougherty.[33]. [2] Costing about US$1.4 billion, it is the most expensive ground-based telescope in operation. As no known non-biological source of phosphine on Venus could produce phosphine in the concentrations detected, this indicated the presence of biological organisms in the atmosphere of Venus. On 28 July 2011, the first European antenna for ALMA arrived at the Chajnantor plateau, 5,000 meters above sea level, to join 15 antennas already in place from the other international partners. The components designed and manufactured across Europe were transported by specialist aerospace and astrospace logistics company Route To Space Alliance,[9] 26 in total which were delivered to Antwerp for onward shipment to Chile. Placing the antennas closer together enables the imaging of sources of larger angular extent. Researchers using the radio telescope ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array) observed signals of oxygen, carbon, and dust from a galaxy in the early Universe 13 billion years ago. Final European / North American agreement, with 50% of funding from ESO, and 50% of funding shared between USA and Canada. Linking three antennas allows corrections of errors that can arise when only two antennas are used, thus paving the way for precise, high-resolution imaging. The Arizona Radio Observatory (ARO) currently operates two radio telescopes in southern Arizona: the new 12m Telescope (12m), which is an ALMA prototype antenna located 50 miles southwest of Tucson on Kitt Peak, and the Submillimeter Telescope (SMT) located on Mt. Below are links to the optical and instrument specifications to assist observers. Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA), radio telescope system located on the Chajnantor plateau in Chile’s Atacama Desert at an altitude of 5,000 metres (16,500 feet). Calçada (ESO) & NASA/JPL-Caltech/WISE Team, 地球の生命のルーツは、いったいどこにあるのでしょうか？ 生命の材料となる物質は、地球にしか存在しないのでしょうか？それとも、宇宙のいろんな場所にありうるのでしょうか？, アルマ望遠鏡は宇宙空間に漂う塵やガス、ガスのなかに含まれるアミノ酸などの有機物をとらえることもできます。それは、地球以外に生命が誕生する可能性を調べることにつながります。私たちの体はタンパク質でできていて、タンパク質はアミノ酸でできています。アミノ酸が宇宙に存在することがわかれば、地球以外で生命が発生する可能性があるかもしれません。アルマ望遠鏡は、アミノ酸をはじめとするさまざまな有機分子が放つ特有の電波をとらえることを目指しています。, アルマ望遠鏡の活躍により、惑星誕生の現場で複雑な有機分子がすでに何種類も発見されています。アミノ酸があれば必ず生命が生まれるわけではありませんが、少なくともその前提がどれくらいの確率で整っているのか、アルマ望遠鏡による観測で明らかになる日も遠くないでしょう。, ここまでに挙げたさまざまな宇宙の謎に迫るために重要なのが、宇宙からやってくる電波を望遠鏡でとらえることです。夜空に輝く恒星たちは、表面の温度が数千度～数万度という高温のため、私たちの目にも見える光（可視光）を発しています。すばる望遠鏡のような光学望遠鏡は、その恒星が放つ光をとらえることができます。しかし、惑星の材料となる塵やガス、ガスに含まれるアミノ酸はマイナス260℃程度と、とても低温なため、光を放つことができません。アルマ望遠鏡はこの塵やガスやアミノ酸が放つ電波をキャッチすることで、銀河や星、惑星の材料、そして生命の材料となる物質の分布や性質を明らかにしようとしています。, 下の画像は、2つの銀河が衝突しつつある「触角銀河」の画像です。アルマ望遠鏡が電波で観測した画像と、光学望遠鏡が可視光で観測した画像を重ねることで、可視光では見えなかった低温のガスの分布を見ることができます。アルマ望遠鏡が観測できるのは、「ミリ波・サブミリ波」と呼ばれる電波です。ミリ波・サブミリ波を観測する望遠鏡はほかにもいくつかありますが、非常に高い感度と解像度（視力）をあわせもつアルマ望遠鏡は、大きく抜きんでた存在であり、これまで見ることができなかった宇宙の姿を詳しく描き出すことができます。, 電波と可視光で観測した触角銀河。電波では、可視光では見ることのできないガスや塵の分布を知ることができます。, Credit：ALMA（ESO / NAOJ / NRAO）, ESO, NASA / ESA Hubble Space Telescope, 世界最大級を誇るすばる望遠鏡の口径が8.2mもあるとおり、望遠鏡は、その口径が大きければ大きいほど弱い光や電波をとらえることができ、また解像度（視力）も向上します。このため、天文学者はより口径の大きな望遠鏡を作りだすことに力を注いできました。しかし、ある程度以上大きな望遠鏡は、技術的な限界から作ることが困難です。この限界を突破するためのアイデアが、「小さな望遠鏡を広い場所にたくさん並べ、それらを連動させて1つの巨大な望遠鏡として機能させる」というものです。この仕組みは「干渉計」と呼ばれ、アルマ望遠鏡もその技術を使っています。アルマ望遠鏡では、口径12mのパラボラアンテナ54台と、口径7mのパラボラアンテナ12台、合計66台を結合させることで、1つの巨大な電波望遠鏡を作りだします。, アルマ望遠鏡の66台のアンテナは最大で直径16kmの範囲内に設置することができます。これは、東京の山手線の直径距離（田端〜品川間）に匹敵する大きさです。このときのアルマ望遠鏡の口径は実質16kmとなり、解像度は人間の視力に例えると「視力6000」、大阪に落ちている1円玉の大きさが東京から見分けられる能力に相当します。すばる望遠鏡やハッブル宇宙望遠鏡の視力と比べても10倍、これまでの電波望遠鏡と比べると数十倍から100倍高い性能になります。また、アンテナの位置を移動させることで、カメラのズームレンズのような働きを持たせることができます。広い視野で観測を行いたいときはアンテナを狭い範囲に集め、反対に高い解像度を得たいときにはアンテナを広い範囲に展開します。, Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/L. [10] ALMA is the largest and most expensive ground-based astronomical project, costing between US$1.4 and 1.5 billion. This frosty landmark is thought to play in an essential role in the formation and chemical make-up of planets around a young star. ; ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO), Decarli et al. ALMA consists of 66 parabolic dishes, 54 of which are 12 metres (39 feet) in diameter and 12 of which are 7 metres (23 feet) in diameter. Astronomers using the new Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) telescope have taken the first-ever image of a snow line in an infant solar system. memorandum of understanding for design & development. [23] These early images give a first glimpse of the potential of the new array that will produce much better quality images in the future as the scale of the array continues to increase. 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